home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Text File | 1996-12-04 | 9.7 KB | 194 lines | [ttro/ttxt] |
- Article Created: 6 January 1992
- Article Reviewed/Updated: 14 June 1995
-
- TOPIC -----------------------------------------------------------
-
- This article provides an overview of the ColorSync software.
-
- DISCUSSION ------------------------------------------------------
-
- ColorSync is an extension to QuickDraw. It facilitates color conversion from the
- color space (method of mathematically describing a color) of one device to the
- color space of another device. It does this while maintaining consistent visual
- representation. In simple terms, ColorSync displays and prints the same image
- that it scanned.
-
-
- The Major Difficulties in Reproducing Color
- ===========================================
-
- The physics of color presents a technical barrier, since delivering
- colored light is very different from delivering colored ink. Colors are described
- in device-dependent terms:
-
- - RGB (Red, Green, Blue) for monitors and most scanners
- - CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) for most printers
-
- Device-dependent descriptions cause the same blend on one monitor to display a
- very different color on a different monitor. While it is possible to map an RGB
- value to a CMYK value for a given pair of devices, this is not a practical
- solution because changing the devices changes the mapping, and therefore the
- result.
-
- Different devices (scanner, monitor, printer) have different capabilities in
- delivering color. A color possible on one device is not possible on another.
- Every device produces a different range of colors, or color gamut. The scanner,
- display, and printer each have a different color gamut. Colors that all three
- devices can produce present no problem. But colors that only one or two
- devices can generate require color matching.
-
- The perceived color given by a specific value of RGB for an individual monitor
- can vary. Any RGB to CMYK mapping is not accurate over time. The solution
- for this problem is commonly called calibration.
-
-
- Colorsync Architecture
- ======================
-
- ColorSync is a system extension that provides color matching capabilities to the
- existing QuickDraw graphics model. It provides three important features:
-
- System-Level Support for Color Matching
- ---------------------------------------
- All applications and peripherals can take advantage of it. All applications and
- imaging peripherals use the same scheme for color matching.
-
- Support for Existing Applications
- ---------------------------------
- Some existing applications get color-matched printing without waiting for
- revised applications. ColorSync provides some new calls that enable
- applications to match to the display as well. This completes the entire picture --
- matched input, display, and output.
-
- Opportunities for Third Parties to Add Value
- --------------------------------------------
- ColorSync uses the Component Manager, which lets third-party developers add
- value to the color-matching system. This was developed in conjunction with
- QuickTime to link a series of Apple or third-party color management resources
- and utilities.
-
-
- How Colorsync Solves Color Matching Problems
- ============================================
-
- Device-Independent Color
- ------------------------
- ColorSync was developed to solve the problems related to device-dependent
- color such as RGB and CMYK. ColorSync attempts to consistently represent
- colors (visually very similar or identical) across the three color gamuts.
- ColorSync uses device profiles to determine what colors a device can display,
- print, or scan (device color gamut).
-
- ColorSync translates the colors that the originating device created for an image
- into a device-independent, and human perception-based color space, CIE XYZ.
- From the CIE-XYZ color space, ColorSync then translates the image into the
- color space of the destination device.
-
- ColorSync uses the Apple Color High-Resolution RGB monitor as the default
- system profile or space. If you have a different monitor, you should use the
- ColorSync profile for that monitor in order for ColorSync to work properly.
- The ColorSync profile creates a device-independent color definition while
- maintaining compatibility with QuickDraw, which is RGB-based. You can
- select any monitor that has a profile installed.
-
- Applications
- ------------
- There are three levels of ColorSync application support:
-
- SUPPORT LEVEL DESCRIPTION
-
- Printing Fidelity Making the standard Macintosh call, DrawPicture,
- enables matching the source image to the printer.
- Applications that support this call provide printing
- functionality without revision.
-
- Display Fidelity ColorSync can correct for the display if the source
- is a scanner or a different monitor. The ColorPicker
- shows two gamuts, and you can choose those available
- on the monitor and printer or other display.
-
- Preview Function ColorSync lets applications offer a preview function
- that indicates those colors not possible on a particular
- device. Users can check documents before printing.
-
- Device Profiles and Drivers
- ---------------------------
- ColorSync allows characterizations of each device in terms of the CIE XYZ
- color space. These characterizations are called profiles. This allows making
- comparisons between any pair of ColorSync devices in terms of the common
- space.
-
- Color Matching with ColorSync CMMs (Color Matching Methods)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
- CMMs give the best possible match when the exact match is not available.
- ColorSync uses the device profiles to determine if a device can display or print a
- certain color. If a color is outside the color gamut of a device, ColorSync
- determines a best-match color within that device's gamut. It uses a simple
- look-up table or an algorithmic calculation to do this. The table look-up method
- is much faster than the algorithmic method.
-
- The algorithmic method gives better color matching, and offers four options:
-
- OPTION DESCRIPTION
-
- Perceptual This maintains perceptual differences. Colors are
- interpreted relative to the destination device's
- white point. This option is usually best for
- photographic scanned images.
-
- Colorimetric This maintains individual colors at the expense of
- their relative values. It is usually best for spot
- colors.
-
- Saturation This maintains the levels of color saturation. It
- sacrifices contrast to maintain color saturation.
- It is usually best for computer-generated graphics.
-
- Faster Matching This offers a good compromise between photographs
- and computer-generated images, and takes less time.
-
- ColorSync attempts to provide a base level of color matching with the smallest
- possible memory footprint (about 70K). Some print jobs require higher quality
- color matching. More sophisticated color management schemes can replace
- ColorSync's color matching method and hook into ColorSync via the
- Component Manager. This process lets other color management products
- integrate into the system software via ColorSync.
-
- ColorSync still translates the image's colors into the device-independent color
- space. However, ColorSync then calls the substituted color matching method to
- translate the image into the color space of the destination device.
-
- Color Calibration
- -----------------
- The ColorSync Color Management extensions support the calibration systems
- available from third-party developers (such as SuperMac, Radius, and Raster
- Ops). You can periodically update the profile to compensate for differences from
- the standard profile.
-
-
- This article was published in the "Information Alley":
- Volume II, Issue 4, Page 11
-
-
- Article Change History:
- 13 Jun 1995 - Added Info Alley information; updated technical information.
-
- Support Information Services
-
-
- Copyright 1993-95, Apple Computer, Inc.
-
-
- Keywords: kalley
-
- ==================================================================
-
- This information is from the Apple Technical Information Library.
-
- ArticleID: TECHINFO-0011155
-
- 19960724 15:55:27.00
-
-
-
-